Leeb Hardness Approach in the Determination of Strength after Accelerated Weathering Tests

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the usability of the Leeb hardness test in determining changes in strength as a result of atmospheric weathering in works of cultural heritage built with low-strength pyroclastic rocks. To this end, the effects of weathering processes on strength properties were investigated in two building stones commonly used in Niğde province located in the Cappadocia (Turkey) region, which contains the most important works of cultural heritage created using low-strength pyroclastic rocks. The index, strength, mineralogical, and petrographic properties of rocks were first investigated. Then, freeze–thaw (F-T) and salt crystallization (SC) tests, the weathering processes of which consisted of six periods, were performed on samples prepared in cubic form. After the F-T and SC processes, the macro change in the samples and changes in weight loss, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Leeb hardness (HL) values were determined. Highly correlated linear relationships were obtained between the SC and F-T cycles of the samples and the UCS and HL values. The HL test was applied to samples for which the UCS test could not be applied due to the loss of sample integrity after the advancing cycles of the accelerated weathering tests. Linear relationships with high correlation were determined between the UCS and HL values obtained from the samples after the accelerated weathering test. This study revealed that the HL approach could be used as an alternative in modeling the strength parameters of the weathering processes of the structures of cultural heritage built using low-strength rocks.