Abstract
Moluccella laevis L. (Lamiaceae) is an annual ornamental plant, naturally occurring in the areas of Western and Central Asia (Irano-Turanian area). It is a popular ornamental species, but its phytochemical profile remains poorly studied. This study presents the first report on in vitro cultures of M. laevis. The influence of two types of illumination and plant growth regulators (PGRs) supplementation on the morphogenetic response and the content of phenolic compounds were examined. Shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid basal medium. White light or photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) as well as three concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) 2, 3 or 4 µM and one of the three auxins: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram—PIC) at concentration of 0.5 µM were used for shoot proliferation. The highest number of axillary shoots per explant (3.4) was obtained for shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 3-µM BA and 0.5-μM NAA under PAR light. However, the effect of PGRs treatment on shoot growth and development was stronger than the influence of light. The phytochemical analysis using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry allowed identification of four hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic, rosmarinic, chlorogenic) and two cyanidin glycosides (cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-malonylglucoside) in shoot clusters and callus tissue.
Highlights
Moluccella laevis L. (Lamiaceae), known as Irish bells, is an annual ornamental plant with green leafy calyces resembling goblets that surround the inconspicuous, fragrant white two-lipped corolla inside (Fardous et al 2013)
Shoots of M. laevis showed the outbreak of lateral buds generated during the growth of cultured shoots under in vitro conditions on media containing plant growth regulators (PGRs)
All explants developed axillary shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2-μM BA and 0.5-μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under both light spectra, but the initial mean number of axillary shoots gradually decreased along with the age of culture
Summary
Moluccella laevis L. (Lamiaceae), known as Irish bells, is an annual ornamental plant with green leafy calyces resembling goblets that surround the inconspicuous, fragrant white two-lipped corolla inside (Fardous et al 2013). (Lamiaceae), known as Irish bells, is an annual ornamental plant with green leafy calyces resembling goblets that surround the inconspicuous, fragrant white two-lipped corolla inside (Fardous et al 2013). It is widespread throughout the world as garden and cut flower. Light regime and culture media supplementation with PGRs influence growth, development and metabolism of plants (Batista et al 2018). Optimizing of culture conditions may significantly increase the productivity of biomass and organ regeneration as well as the metabolic efficacy (Ogita et al 2015; Espinosa-Leal et al 2018; Isah et al 2018; Matsura et al 2018)
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