Abstract
The mushroom Agaricus bisporus secretes biologically active compounds and proteins with benefits for human health. Most reported proteins from A. bisporus are tyrosinases and lectins. Lectins are of therapeutic or pharmaceutical interest. To date, only limited information is available on A. bisporus lectins and lectin-like proteins. No therapeutic products derived from A. bisporus lectin (ABL) are available on the market despite its extensive exploration. Recently, A. bisporus mannose-binding protein (Abmb) was discovered. Its discovery enriches the information and increases the interest in proteins with therapeutic potential from this mushroom. Furthermore, the A. bisporus genome reveals the possible occurrence of other lectins in this mushroom that may also have therapeutic potential. Most of these putative lectins belong to the same lectin groups as ABL and Abmb. Their relationship is discussed. Particular attention is addressed to ABL and Abmb, which have been explored for their potential in medicinal or pharmaceutical applications. ABL and Abmb have anti-proliferative activities toward cancer cells and a stimulatory effect on the immune system. Possible scenarios for their use in therapy and modification are also presented.
Highlights
Agaricus bisporus is one of the most consumed edible mushrooms in the world, and its benefit to human health has been widely reported
Ergothioneine is an antioxidant associated with protection of monocytes activity, the indoles are associated with anticancer and anti-aging bioactivity, while ergosterol and ergocalciferol help to prevent vitamin D efficiency [1]
This paper focuses on lectins from A. bisporus, including A. bisporus lectin (ABL), with special attention to Abmb (A. bisporus mannose-binding protein), a recently discovered lectin-like protein with a unique characteristic
Summary
Agaricus bisporus is one of the most consumed edible mushrooms in the world, and its benefit to human health has been widely reported. Ergothioneine is an antioxidant associated with protection of monocytes activity, the indoles are associated with anticancer and anti-aging bioactivity, while ergosterol and ergocalciferol help to prevent vitamin D efficiency [1] Commercial preparation of these compounds for therapeutic purposes includes complex extraction and isolation steps, while direct use of the extracts may be ineffective and undesirable. Only few proteins from A. bisporus have been investigated experimentally using an active fraction isolated from the fruiting bodies or as a recombinant protein They are ABL [5], Abmb [20], PPO1 and PPO2 [21], PPO3 [4,22], PPO4 [23], and the most recently reported AB21 [24]. As described later on (see 3.1), the isoformism of the subunits in ABL originates from variations in post-translational modification (glycoform), not from the merging of different gene products
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