Abstract
Problem statement: This article was developing learning equipment for flammability limit behavior which designed for study the relation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and combustion. The equipment can be use as an instructional media for obviously experiment of combustion. Approach: The test chamber was designed by using the stainless as a structure. The mirror with safety film was used for safety purpose to the tester. The mirror was the additional equipment for the ignition vision. The size of test chamber was 40×25×20 cm. The top of chamber can be opened when the ignition was occurred to reduce the inner pressure that can break the mirror or can be a cause of damage to other parts. The 2 of stainless plates with the size of 15×40 cm. were used and the hinges were attached at the upper edges of the chamber from both sides. The metal was closely attached at the chamber edge to reduce the leak of fuel to outer environment. The bottom structure of the chamber installs the control mainboard of electronics system and motor. The control of heat gain system inside the heat chamber. Results: The test chamber is designed to demonstrate the ignition. So, the size has to be suitably designed and large enough for convenience in monitoring. It can be seen that when the test is conducted in a real system, the result is extremely differed from the theory. The reason is the experimentation by the theory using the cup burner or a cylindrical glass cup. This cup has an outside diameter of 28 mm. and around the cup tunnel has an inside diameter of 8.5 or 9.5 cm with 53.5 cm. of height. The ratios of both testing equipments are extremely differed, so there is an opportunity that the accuracy is highly shifted. Conclusion: The test chamber shows that the flammability limit of LPG vary with temperature and can be compare with burgess-wheeler law. This law mentioned LFL and UFL is relative with the chemical in Paraffin Hydrocarbon (Alkane) Group in any increasing of temperature In addition, there are many flammability and backfire theory which interesting for experiment.
Highlights
The vapour of flammable substance, which is mixed with air, is able to launch the combustion when the mixture ratio between the concentration of the vapour of flammable substance and the air is mixed in certain range that is suitable for ignition
The test result shows that the flammability starts at 45 sec. whereas the volume is 0.37 L or the fuel is 1.87% of air in the test chamber from the 2nd and the 3rd tests
The temperature is increased in the test chamber leading to the flammability limits expansion, which starts the fire at 45 min
Summary
The Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) or LowerThe vapour of flammable substance, which is mixed with air, is able to launch the combustion when the mixture ratio between the concentration of the vapour of flammable substance and the air is mixed in certain range that is suitable for ignition. The ratio of the mixture between fuel and air, that is flammable when the ignition is activated, is called “Flammability Limit”. Explosion Limit (LEL) is the percentage of gas or smallest vapour of fuel that is mixed with air produces a suitable mixture for propagating flame. If the percentage of fuel that is mixed with air has less concentration, the propagating flame will not be occurred. The Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) or the Upper Explosion Limit (UEL) is the percentage of gas or highest vapour of fuel that is mixed with air produces a suitable mixture for propagating flame. In case the percentage of fuel that is mixed with air has more concentration, the propagating flame will not be occurred
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