Lead-free perovskite and double perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The toxicity and instability of lead-halide perovskite materials in the solar cells are yet demands must be resolved to vie to find alternatives of free lead-based halide perovskites and double perovskite materials. Here we report on the experimental synthesis of a new family of lead-free inorganic halide double perovskites Cesium copper antimony chloride (Cs2CuSbCl6) and perovskite Cesium copper chloride (CsCuCl3) as a based sensitizer of the solar cells and studies of its characterize and optical properties of the Photo-Voltaic (PV) device. The configuration structural of PV devices is (FTO/TiO2/CsCuCl3 or Cs2CuSbCl6/Cu2O/Al electrode). The double perovskite Cs2CuSbCl6 and Perovskite CsCuCl3 are successfully synthesized, performed of structural investigations by X-ray diffraction, and depicted of optical properties via optical absorption of UV−vis measurement. The perovskite (CsCuCl3) belongs to the space grope P6122 and the Hexagonal structure phase. The strongest peeks of the XRD diffraction pattern of the double perovskite Cs2CuSbCl6 are taken at the reflection points (-201), (-202), (-3-11), (220), (-223) and (-5-34). From UV−vis measurements obtained values of a direct gap of both (Cs2CuSbCl6) and (CsCuCl3) are (1.5 and 2.2) eV, respectively. The optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PV device which used Cs2CuSbCl6 as a sensitizer is 0.94%, the filling factor is 24%, the open-circuit voltage is 582.5 mV and the short circuit current was 2.656 mA. The measurement is carried out under one sun intensity illumination (1000 W/m2).