Abstract

The rapid growth of information technology and industrialization are the key components for the development of electronic equipment, and their inevitable role in human day-to-day life has an important stint in the generation of electronic waste (e-waste). This waste has far-reaching environmental and health consequences. One such e-waste printed circuit board (PCB) contains significant amounts of valuable heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and others that can be extracted through various metallurgical routes. Recovery and recycle of heavy metal ions is a major challenge to prevent environmental contamination. The present study discusses the current e-waste scenario, health impacts and treatment methods in detail, and also presents experimental results of recovery of heavy metals from printed circuit boards (PCBs) by leaching using aqua regia (HCI + HNO3 and HCI + H2SO4). Under varying conditions such as specified conditions of 80°C, 0.05 mm of thickness, 3 hrs of contacttime, 80rpm shaking speed, and concentration of PCB sample of 0.5 g ml−1, it results in the composition of extracted heavy metal ions in such a way that 97.59% of copper, 96.59% of lead, 94.66% of tin, and 96.64% of zinc, respectively. The recovery of heavy metal ions from PCBs has an important leading contribution in electronic waste management and the result shows a higher rate.

Highlights

  • The electronics industry is the largest and fastest-growing manufacturing sector in the world

  • The results show that the maximum percentage of metals recovered at 80°C, 0.05 mm thickness, 3 hours of contacting time, 80 rpm shaking speed, and printed circuit boards (PCB) sample concentration of 0.5 g/mlÀ1.Under this condition, the resultwas obtained with 97.59% of copper, 96.29% of lead, 94.66% of tin, and 96.64% of zinc, respectively

  • Targeted extraction of a particular metal can be made possible by varying a particular parameter only

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Summary

Introduction

The electronics industry is the largest and fastest-growing manufacturing sector in the world. The PCBs are waste sources from electronic machines such as television boards, CD players, and cell phones. Researchers have reported that in recent years, Heavy Metals - New Insights the average rate of PCB development has risen by 8.7% due to technological progress. The studies observed that the continuous increase in e-waste generation rates is due to the nation’s population and technological growth. Informal processing of e-waste in developing countries can lead to adverse effects on human health and environmental pollution. Several studies on the feasibility of metal recovery from PCBs have been investigated in the last decade. Hydrometallurgical procedures, such as leaching, are very intentional in these studies

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