Abstract
A wireless sensor network is a collection of various sensor nodes which are organised into a complex and cooperative network. These sensor nodes, which are used not only for monitoring but also for capturing the required data from the environment. Most of the research work on WSNs is done keeping in view the energy efficiency, scalability and efficient routing. In WSNs, the most of energy efficient and scalable routing protocols are hierarchical (cluster-based) routing protocols. Among all the clustering techniques low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the fundamental protocols. We have surveyed and analysed different hierarchical routing protocols that are being modified from LEACH. The main focus of our research is to study how these variant routing protocols work in order to enhance the network life time and how the quality of routing protocols are improved for the wireless sensor network. This paper explains some of the major issues faced by LEACH and suggest the way how these are tackled by variant versions of LEACH. A comprehensive discussion is provided in the table highlighting the relative advantages and disadvantages of some of the prominent protocols.
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