Abstract
We have conducted a dietary trial in 54 men and 51 women with a wide range of fasting cholesterol values to examine the use of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size to predict the lipoprotein response to dietary fat and cholesterol. After a 2-week low fat period, subjects were given two liquid supplements in addition to their low fat diet for 3 weeks each, one containing 31–40 g of fat and 650–845 mg of cholesterol, the other fat free. LDL particle type was determined by 3–15% gradient gel electrophoresis. On multiple regression, LDL type was independently related to plasma triglyceride (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.01), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P < 0.001) accounting for 56% of the variance in LDL type in the whole group. Change in LDL cholesterol with dietary fat and cholesterol was unrelated to LDL particle size in either men or women. However, change in HDL cholesterol in men was strongly related to LDL particle type (r = –0.52, P = 0.001) and change in HDL2 cholesterol in women was related to LDL particle type (r = –0.40, P < 0.01). ▪ In conclusion, we are unable to confirm the finding that LDL particle type can predict changes in LDL cholesterol following changes in dietary fat intake. However, LDL particle type can independently predict changes in HDL cholesterol in men and accounts for 27% of the variance.—Clifton, P. M., M. Noakes, and P. J. Nestel. LDL particle size and LDL and HDL cholesterol changes with dietary fat and cholesterol in healthy subjects.
Highlights
We have conducted a dietary trial in 54 men and 51 women with a wide range of fasting cholesterol values to examine the use of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size to predict the lipoprotein response to dietary fat and cholesterol
There was no difference in LDL particle type between the low fat and high fat phases
In this study we have demonstrated for the first time that LDL particle type is a major independent predictor in men of the change in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with a change in dietary fat and cholesterol
Summary
Healthy volunteers aged from 20 to 75 years were recruited by public advertisement. All were free of cardiac, renal, and hepatic disease. Fifty-four women and 55 men completed the study. The total plasma cholesterol ranged from 3.4 to 8.8 mmol/l (mean Ϯ SD 5.6 Ϯ 1.1), triglyceride from 0.4 to 3.7. Age (years) BMI (kg/m2) WHR Total cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglyceride (mmol/L) LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL2 cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL3 cholesterol (mmol/L). A P Ͻ 0.001 for difference between men and women. Mmol/l (1.4 Ϯ 0.7) and HDL cholesterol from 0.4 to 2.1 mmol/l (1.01 Ϯ 0.32) Their ages ranged from 23 to 75 years (50.6 Ϯ 8.6 years) and BMI from 18.7 to 40.2 kg/m2 (26.6 Ϯ 4.0). The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the CSIRO, Division of Human Nutrition and written consent was obtained from each subject
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