Abstract
Purpose In this two-part paper (Background and Initial Assumptions (Part 1) and Results of Survey Research (Part 2)), we present surveys whose main objective is to determine, whether and to what extent the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique is used for the identification and assessment of environmental aspects in environmental management systems (EMS) and whether there are any differences in this respect between the companies and countries analysed. Methods The survey research was carried out using the computer assisted self-administered interviewing (CASI) method among selected Polish, German and Swedish organisations which implement EMS in accordance with the requirements of ISO 14001 and/or the EMAS regulation. Results The organisations investigated, regardless of their country, are dominated by qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques of assessment and identification of environmental aspects. LCA was used sporadically, although some differences can be observed between the countries analysed. Conclusions The environmental managers accustomed to traditional qualitative and semi-quantitative solutions, have not been given preparation to enable them to understand and adopt the different approaches such as LCA. On the other hand, representatives of the organisations investigated declared that they were ready to accept an even longer timescale for the identification and assessment processes relating to environmental aspects, which represents a potential opportunity for LCA. The more precise understanding and definition of environmental problems that are precisely defined in LCA would represent a novelty for environmental managers. In practice, environmental problems are defined in a general sense and rather ambiguously, as this level of detail is sufficient in the context of qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques commonly used for the identification and assessment of environmental aspects.
Highlights
Processes of identification and assessment of environmental aspects constitute a key element in the operation of environmental management systems (Matuszak-Flejszman 2007)
Representatives of the organisations investigated declared that they were ready to accept an even longer timescale for the identification and assessment processes relating to environmental aspects, which represents a potential opportunity for life cycle assessment (LCA)
Environmental problems are defined in a general sense and rather ambiguously, as this level of detail is sufficient in the context of qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques commonly used for the identification and assessment of environmental aspects
Summary
Processes of identification and assessment of environmental aspects constitute a key element in the operation of environmental management systems (Matuszak-Flejszman 2007). Due to the absence of stringent guidelines in this respect (ISO 14001 2004; ISO 14004 2004), organisations may use various tools for carrying out both activities and make decisions on the basis of a variety of environmental information. Key elements of the survey questionnaire (presented in Part 1 of the paper) included issues relating to the tools, techniques and indicators used by the organisations analysed for the identification and assessment of environmental aspects. Responses to these types of questions are presented in this second part of the paper
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