Abstract
Background The world population has exhibited increased trust in folk medicine, including Thai folk medicine, for the treatment of various illnesses. However, the comparative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities against oxidative damage of Tri-Than-Thip (Tri-TT), a Thai folk remedy, have not been reported. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of Tri-TT and its herbal constituents, Cassia fistula, Pithecellobium dulce, and Ficus benjamina. Methods Extracts were obtained from Tri-TT and its herbal constituents. The free radical scavenging activities, cytotoxicity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating activities, total phenolic compound (TPC) contents, and total flavonoid (TF) contents of Tri-TT extract were investigated, and qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of Tri-TT extract was performed by LC-QTOF-MS. Results Tri-TT extract exhibited remarkable scavenging activities toward DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals, with IC50 values of 0.081 ± 0.00, 0.021 ± 0.00, and 0.205 ± 0.057 mg/mL, respectively. The oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and FRAP values of Tri-TT were 6.499 ± 0.67 μM TE/g extract and 1,919.71 ± 63.14 mM FeSO4/mg sample, respectively. P. dulce had the highest scavenging activities and antioxidant capacity followed by C. fistula and F. benjamina. The TPC and TF content of Tri-TT extract were 287.87 mg equivalence/g extract and 225.62 mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively. The highest TPC was obtained from P. dulce, and TF content was observed in C. fistula. Using LC-QTOF-MS, a total of 25 compounds were tentatively identified in Tri-TT, including polyphenols such as luteolin, gallic acid, baicalein, apigenin, epicatechin, and ellagic acid. In addition, Tri-TT extract demonstrated nontoxicity (cell viability >90%) to Vero cells at the highest tested concentration of 80 μg/mL. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the Tri-TT remedy is a promising candidate as a natural source of antioxidant activity, suggesting that the polyphenol content of plants may contribute to antioxidant activities.
Highlights
Free radicals include reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
DPPH and ABTS assays are the most commonly used antioxidant assays and are spectrophotometric techniques based on quenching of stable-colored radicals [18]. e DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical content of the Tri-TT extract were 0.081 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.021 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively
P. dulce had remarkable DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, with IC50 values of 0.07 ± 0.00 and 0.10 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively (Table 2). is study is the first to examine the antioxidant capacity of the Tri-TT remedy
Summary
Free radicals include reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Antioxidants mitigate the effects of free radicals and protect cells from damage. Plants are good sources of antioxidants, and herbs have been used medicinally since ancient times based on reports of folk medicine. Many plants used in food and Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine medicine have been reported as sources of natural antioxidants. Ai remedies have shown antioxidant capacity when studied as an herbal formulation, and subsequent deeper studies on their antioxidant activities revealed good antioxidant activity and a potential for development as natural dietary supplements, including Triphala and Jatu-phala-Tiga (JPT). E overall report generated interest in ai drug formulas against free radicals from natural and Tri- an- ip (Tri-TT) remedies and is another interesting ai drug formula A previous study reported that JPT has strong antioxidant activities, the water extract of the polyherbal tonic. ese findings rationalize further investigation of JPT infusions as a promising agent for antiaging and oxidative stress prevention [4]. e overall report generated interest in ai drug formulas against free radicals from natural and Tri- an- ip (Tri-TT) remedies and is another interesting ai drug formula
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