LC-MS Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata Extract

Adil Farooq Wali,Jayachithra Ramakrishna Pillai,Mohamed Soliman Elshikh,Dunia A Al Farraj,Padma G M Rao,Ahlam Mushtaq,Syed Arman Rabbani,Yusra Al Dhaheri,Aimen Firdous

doi:10.3390/separations7040054

Abstract

Nowadays, marine microalgae are recognized to be a considerably novel and rich origin of bioactive moieties utilized in the sectors of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In the present study, Nannochloropsis oculata extract (AME) was associated with a wide variety of pharmacological studies such as in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal and anticancer activity (MDA-MB-231) in cancer cells through in vitro models. In the study, the chemical composition and structure of the bioactive compounds found in the AME extract were studied using the LC-MS technique. The results of the anticancer activity showed a decrease in the percentage of cell viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (400 μg/mL at 24 h, 300 μg/mL at 48 h, and 200 μg/mL at 72 h). We have also observed morphological changes in the cells that could be associated with treatment with AME extract. Our observation of the AME extract-treated MDA-MB231 cells under light microscopy showed that when the concentration increased, the number of cells began to decrease. As far as LC-MS analysis is concerned, it showed the presence of the bioactive molecules was terpenoids along with carotenoids, polyphenolic and fatty acids. The result revealed that the AME extract exhibited noteworthy in vitro free radical scavenging potential, with an IC50 value of 52.10 ± 0.85 µg/L in DPPH assay, 122.84 ± 2.32 µg/mL in H2O2 assay and, 96.95 ± 1.68 µg/mL in ABTS assay. The activity was found to be highly significant against bacteria (Gram-positive and negative) and moderately significant against fungal strain with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values between 15.63 and 500 µg/mL.

Highlights

Natural products are important components of medicines
This research was aimed at performing the phytochemical screening and assessing the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of Nannochloropsis oculata
Our findings demonstrate that AME extract inhibited the viability of the MDA-MB231 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner (Figure 2A)

Summary

Introduction

Natural products are important components of medicines. The use of plants as medicine may date back to the ancient period. Nature has created a rich repository of herbal medicine to treat human disease [1]. The target of finding novel drugs of chemical and biological significance. Marine organisms are the source of major new drugs with numerous different biological activities [3]. Microalgae could be found over almost all ecosystems and habitats on the planet, from the Northern Hemisphere to the equator. They may be free-floating or growing attached to substrates. Microalgae may even form mattresses on silt surfaces [4]

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