Abstract
Cd-Al/C layered double hydroxide (Cd-Al/C-LDH) and Cd-Sb/C nanocatalyst are reported here for the de-coloration and mineralization of organic dyes. These catalysts were largely characterized by FESEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, XPS, PL and DRS. The diffuse reflectance data showed a band gap at 2.92 and 2.983 eV for Cd-Al/C-LDH and Cd-Sb/C respectively. The band gap suggested that both catalysts work well in visible range. The photoluminescence spectra indicated a peak at 623 nm for both the catalysts which further support the effectiveness of the respective catalyst in visible range. Both catalysts also showed good recyclability and durability till 4th cycle. Five dyes, acridine orange (AO), malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) were used in this experiment. Various parameters of different light intensity such as visible, ultraviolet, sunlight and dark condition are observed for the de-coloration of these dyes. The de-coloration phenomenon was proceeded through adsorption assisted phot-degradation. The low cost, abundant nature, good recyclability and better dye removal efficiency make these catalysts suitable candidates for the de-coloration and mineralization of organic dyes.
Highlights
Dyes removal from water is one of main environmental problem due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic nature to aquatic life[11,12,13]
The Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images shows the sheet morphology of Cd-Al/C-layered double hydroxide (LDH) (Fig. 1a,b) and Cd-Sb/C (Fig. 1c,d) and the sheets are composed of nanoparticles with average particle size of 50 and 40 nm respectively
In both catalyst small particles are aggregated to form the sheet morphology, the particle is clearer in Cd-Al/C-LDH than Cd-Sb/C
Summary
Dyes removal from water is one of main environmental problem due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic nature to aquatic life[11,12,13]. Previous methods such as physical, chemical and biochemical are not useful for the removal of dyes from the effluent[6]. A number of authors have been reported various metal-metal combinations for the synthesis of layered double hydroxide through various techniques for various application. In the present work we synthesized Cd-Al and Cd-Sb grafted on activated carbon in order to increase the electronic conductivity through co-precipitation method in which Cd-Al/C were grown in layered double hydroxide morphologies. Millipore-Q machine was used for double distilled water, present in chemistry department, King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia
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