Law as a universal form of embodiment of the idea of justice.

Abstract

The article examines the issue of the primary formulation of the idea of justice in philosophy. It is substantiated that justice is not just the central idea of law but a universal form of embodiment of the idea of justice. In other words, the law is a product of the idea of justice, since injustice could not be embodied in law. Modern geopolitical events, in particular, such as climate change, a pandemic, a war in Ukraine will lead in the future to a change in the regulation of public relations. According to this law, as the most effective regulator, will be subjected to serious pressure. The deformation of the existing legal matter occurs both in its formal expression at the level of legislation (in the broadest sense of this definition), and in a more subtle one - ideological and theoretical. These changes should be considered in view of the increasing practical issues raised by identity politics, as well as in issue of revising the meaning and role of the state for society and the individual in the whole. The events authors observe are comparable in scale to the time when the era of classical Greece ended, when the great philosopher Plato lived and worked, whose philosophical views continue to have a great influence on the intellectual search for European civilization after many centuries. It is not surprising that Plato's most important political dialogue "The State" was devoted specifically to the problem of searching and justice substantiation. In this first article the authors strive for drawing the attention of the scientific community to the issue of justice as a benefit. In legal science, the postulate that justice is the goal, the idea of law is consolidated. In the article the first embodiment of justice idea in the mythical representations of ancient civilizations and the relationship between justice and legislation as a mechanism of determining the desired level of justice in the former society are demonstrated. Аn attention on the content of the legal system with philosophical views of a justice idea in Roman times is focused. This formed a unique legal system known today as Roman law. A special class of lawyers, that was a specific phenomenon of the development of ancient Roman society, had an important influence on this process. Firstly, the presence of a class of lawyers is the cornerstone that distinguishes ancient Roman society from ancient Greek one. Secondly, the ideological and philosophical content of the law of Roman society and its going beyond the clear positive limits of the laws of Twelve tables enable. However, the authors offer the other point of view, owing to the fact that law in its form and purpose is a function of justice, a universal form of its implementation; according to which justice acquires the possibility of its practical implementation in society. null