Lateral posterior tibial slope and length of the tendon within the tibial tunnel are independent factors to predict tibial tunnel widening following anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract

This study aimed to conduct a multivariate analysis to identify independent factors that predict tibial tunnel widening (TW) after anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) grafts. In total, 103 patients who underwent ACL reconstructions using BPTB grafts were included. Tunnel aperture area was measured using three-dimensional computed tomography 1week and 1year postoperatively, and the tibial TW was calculated. The patients were divided into group S comprising 58 patients who had tibial TW < 30% and group L comprising 45 patients who had tibial TW > 30%, retrospectively. Using univariate analyses, age, gender, body mass index, Tegner activity scale, the time between injury and surgery, tibial tunnel location, tibial tunnel angle, medial posterior tibial slope, lateral posterior tibial slope, and length of the tendon in the tibial tunnel were compared between two groups. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to reveal the independent risk factors for the tibial TW among preoperative demographic factors and radiographic parameters that correlated with the tibial TW in the univariate analyses. Compared with those at 1week postoperatively, mean tibial tunnel aperture areas were increased by 30.3% ± 26.8% when measured at 1year postoperatively. The lateral posterior tibial slope was significantly larger (p < 0.001), and the length of the tendon within the tibial tunnel was significantly longer in group L than that in group S (p = 0.03) in the univariate analyses. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the increase in lateral posterior tibial slope (p = 0.001) and the length of the tendon within the tibial tunnel (p = 0.03) were predictors of the tibial TW. This study showed that increased lateral posterior tibial slope and a longer tendinous portion within the tibial tunnel were independent factors that predicted the tibial TW following anatomical ACL reconstruction with a BPTB graft. III.