Latent Profile Analysis of Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors.

Abstract

Sleep problems are prevalent among individuals diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), significantly impacting their overall quality of life. This study sought to adopt a person-centered methodology to unveil the latent profiles of sleep quality and identify factors influencing sleep patterns in patients with GDM. The cross-sectional study gathered sociodemographic features, clinical information, sleep problems (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), personality traits (Type D Personality Scale), social support (Perceived Social Support Scale), and self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale). Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify profiles of sleep quality, while multinomial logistic regression was employed to ascertain the factors influencing these identified profiles. Among the 431 participants, 423 (98.1%) completed the questionnaire, with 53.0% reporting moderate-to-poor sleep quality. This study identified 4 distinct profiles of sleep quality among patients with GDM: the "good sleep quality" group (47.0%), the "poor sleep quality-long sleep duration" group (10.0%), the "moderate sleep quality" group (25.3%), and the "poor sleep quality-short sleep duration" group (17.7%). Individuals with type D personality were associated with the "poor sleep quality-long sleep duration" [odds ratio (OR) = 3.21, P = .005], "moderate sleep quality" (OR = 2.65, P = .003), and "poor sleep quality-short sleep duration" group (OR = 2.31, P = .018). Individuals with a history of GDM were associated with "poor sleep quality-long sleep duration" group (OR = 3.46, P = .005). The research revealed significant classification characteristics of sleep quality in patients with GDM, offering valuable insights for tailoring interventions to address distinct subcategories of sleep-related issues.