Late Paleoproterozoic within-plate mafic magmatism in the western Yangtze Block, South China Craton: Implications for the initial break-up of the Columbia supercontinent

Abstract

The Paleoproterozoic was an important period for the tectonic-magmatism evolution of the Yangtze Block, which coincided with the assembly and break-up of the global Columbia (also known as Nuna) supercontinent. However, an essential issue, when the Yangtze Block initiated rifting from the supercontinent, remains controversial. This paper presents new zircon chronology, Lu-Hf isotopic data, and whole-rock geochemical analyses of the Bajiaojing and Xiaoqingshan meta-diabases in the western Yangtze Block to address this issue. The magmatic zircons from the Bajiaojing and Xiaoqingshan meta-diabases yielded U-Pb ages of 1675 ± 38 Ma and 1719 ± 10 Ma, representing an episode of mafic magmatism during the Late Paleoproterozoic. Moreover, the abundances and elemental ratios of high-field-strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Y, Ta, Th, and Hf) in both meta-diabases are very similar to those of within-plate and mantle plume magmas. This implies that these Late Paleoproterozoic mafic rocks were likely derived from a mantle plume source in a continental within-plate extensional setting. Their magmatic source was relatively heterogeneous in isotopic and geochemical compositions, as inferred from significant differences in εHf(t) values and certain HFSE ratios (e.g., Nb/Yb, Ta/Yb, Th/Yb, Nb/Y, and Zr/Y) among samples. Such source heterogeneity might be attributed to interactions between the mantle plume and the overlying lithosphere. Combined with published εHf(t) values of detrital zircons and whole-rock εNd(t) values of (meta-)magmatic rocks, we speculate that the Yangtze Block experienced a tectonic transition from plate convergence to continental extension at ∼ 1.7 Ga. This means that the block began to rift from the Columbia supercontinent as early as 1.7 Ga. The Yangtze Block then evolved progressively as an isolated fragment until it was amalgamated into the Rodinia supercontinent.