Abstract
Charged and neutral kaons are formed by impact of pulsed lasers on ultra-dense hydrogen H(0). This superfluid material H(0) consists of clusters of various forms, mainly of the chain-cluster type H2N. Such clusters are not stable above the transition temperature from superfluid to normal matter. In the case studied here, this transition is at 525 K for D(0) on an Ir target, as reported previously. Mesons are formed both below and above this temperature. Thus, the meson formation is not related to the long chain-clusters H2N but to the small non-superfluid cluster types H3(0) and H4(0) which still exist on the target above the transition temperature. The nuclear processes forming the kaons take place in such clusters when they are transferred to the lowest s = 1 state with H–H distance of 0.56 pm. At this short distance, nuclear processes are expected within 1 ns. The superfluid chain-cluster phase probably has no direct importance for the nuclear processes. The clusters where the nuclear processes in H(0) take place are thus quite accurately identified.
Highlights
The nuclear processes taking place in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) under pulsed-laser impact give mesons showers [1]
The details of the nuclear process in H(0) need to be studied, so that the process can be optimized: it gives the possibility of energy production with a previously unknown efficiency, hundred times better than ordinary fusion
It was concluded in Ref. [22] that such small clusters probably do not form a superfluid layer on the metal carrier surface used in the experiments. These results indicate that a material formed from such small symmetric ultra-dense clusters will not have superfluid or superconductive properties
Summary
The nuclear processes taking place in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) under pulsed-laser impact give mesons showers [1]. Due to the very short bond distances in ultra-dense hydrogen and in low levels of ordinary hydrogen Rydberg matter H(1) and H(2), the kinetic energy release (KER) given to the cluster fragments by the Coulomb explosions (CE) is quite high. It is well-defined, due to the easy removal of the orbiting Rydberg electrons by the laser pulse, without any large changes of the structure before the fs long repulsion period between the fragments [26]. The sign of the beam current is determined by calibration using a current pulse in a single wire through the opening of the coil, to avoid possible sign errors
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