Abstract
This paper reports the progress in the patterning of nonlinear optical crystal lines on a glass surface by laser irradiation techniques. Two techniques for the patterning of crystal lines have been developed, i.e., rare-earth atom heat processing and transition metal atom heat processing, in which continuous-wave lasers such as Nd:YAG laser (wavelength: lambda = 1064 nm) are irradiated onto the glasses containing rare-earth ions such as Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and Dy <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> or transition metal ions such as Ni <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> and Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> . The patterning of lines consisting of nonlinear optical crystals such as beta-BaB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , Sm <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-</sub> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> BO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , (Sr,Ba)Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> , and LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> has been achieved. It is clarified from the azimuthal dependence of second harmonic intensities and polarized micro-Raman scattering spectra that nonlinear optical crystals in the lines are highly oriented along the laser scanning direction, i.e., the patterning of single-like crystal lines. It is also possible to pattern two-dimensional crystal bending or curved lines by just changing the laser scanning direction, and such bending crystal lines have a potential for optical waveguides.
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More From: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
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