Abstract
There has been a great progress in the spatially selected patterning of crystals with a single crystal-like architecture by continuous wave (CW) and femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser irradiations in oxide glasses. Highly oriented crystals with different morphologies such as straight/bending/spiral lines and two-dimensional planar shapes are patterned using heat-driven type CW laser irradiations with a scanning mode. The features of the laser patterning of nonlinear optical crystals with birefringence such as β-BaB2O4, LaBGeO5, LiNbO3, and BaAlBO3F2 are focused, and the origin and mechanism of the c-axis orientation along the laser scanning direction are discussed from the viewpoints of surface energy and interfacial free energy between crystal and surrounding glassy phase. The homo-epitaxial crystal growth in the laser patterning of crystal lines and the rotation of crystal axes in ferroelastic β′-Gd2(MoO4)3 are demonstrated as unique features of the laser-induced crystallization. The laser-induced crystallization provides a new insight and more deep understanding for the nucleation and crystal growth in glasses and proposes a new crystal growth science and engineering in solid-state materials.
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