Abstract
Printing of electronic devices on a paper substrate using 2D graphene-based ink is an opening gate to innovative applications, where devices would be biodegradable, eco-friendly and can be disposed of with negligible impact on the environment. A resistor is a key element of electronic devices and their application area depends upon its power rating and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). In this work, in house developed graphene ink is successfully utilized to fabricate a paper-based resistor using a bar coating technique. Dimensional patterning with precise known values of resistance is achieved using a laser with freedom of shape and size which has been explored for the first time on a paper substrate. The resistor has potential to handle ∼7 W power at room temperature with capacity to withstand up to 200 V which is the highest among reported printed resistors. A dual, low and high TCR is observed, correspondingly in cold (173 K to 300 K) and hot (300 K to 373 K) temperature regions with an activation energy Ea of ∼8 meV for the cold region which is 375 percent lower than the hot region (∼30 meV). The dual TCR behaviour is of great importance for application as a stable resistor up to room temperature, and as a thermistor above room temperature.
Highlights
In recent years, the demand for small, lightweight, exible and thin lm devices for applications such as consumer electronics, defense, health monitoring, aerospace engineering and many more is increasing day by day which motivates researchers to work in the eld of exible and printable electronics.[1,2] Flexible printed electronic devices can be fabricated on a variety of substrates waving off the restrictions of silicon with add-on advantages like low cost, roll-to-roll process,[3] large area printing[4] etc
Dispersed graphene ink was formulated with the help of a vibroshaker using a combination of organic solvents to get proper wettability, stability and a ssure-free homogenous printed layer
Solvents get evaporated a er thermal treatment and do not impact the conductivity. Other additives such as resin, sticking agent, wetting and dispersion modi er which remain in the coated layer contribute to an increase in resistance due to their insulating nature.[32]
Summary
The demand for small, lightweight, exible and thin lm devices for applications such as consumer electronics, defense, health monitoring, aerospace engineering and many more is increasing day by day which motivates researchers to work in the eld of exible and printable electronics.[1,2] Flexible printed electronic devices can be fabricated on a variety of substrates waving off the restrictions of silicon with add-on advantages like low cost, roll-to-roll process,[3] large area printing[4] etc. The bar coating technique can be successfully implemented for a broader range of ink parameters Various nanoparticles such as copper, silver, and carbon nanotubes are utilized to formulate functional inks and used to fabricate exible printed devices. The exceptional exible properties of graphene are by virtue of its crystalline structure in which sp[2] hybridized carbon atoms connect with each other and the high electrical conductivity is due to the formation of pbonds. These properties made graphene a strong contender for the fabrication of exible devices using printing technology.[6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Graphene has been explored for the fabrication of various active and passive exible devices like Field Effect Transistor (FET),[13] antenna,[14] super-capacitor,[15] resistor,[16] sensor[17] etc
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