Abstract
This paper reviews recent work on the fabrication of energy storage and power generation using laser-based processes such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), and laser surface processing techniques. PLD is a versatile technique for depositing high-quality layers of materials for cathodes, anodes, and solid electrolytes for thin-film microbatteries. Using sequential PLD processes, solid-state thin-film lithium-ion microbatteries can be successfully fabricated. LIFT is a powerful tool for printing complex materials with highly porous structures for the fabrication of micropower sources such as thick-film batteries and metal oxide-based solar cells. In particular, using the LIFT process it is possible to print thick layers (∼100 μm) while maintaining pattern integrity and low-internal resistance. As a consequence, power sources fabricated in this manner exhibit higher energy densities per unit area than those obtained by traditional thin-film growth techniques. In addition, the printed active materials can be modified by postlaser processes, such as laser sintering and laser structuring, to further improve the device performance by enhancing the electrodes’ three-dimensional networked structure and increasing the overall active surface, respectively. This review will discuss various examples where laser materials’ processing has led to new approaches in the development of micropower sources applications.
Highlights
Recent advances in semiconductor processing techniques have enabled microelectronic and microelectromechanical devices to significantly decrease in size
The laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) technique has been used for depositing porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films, which are incorporated for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)[60] The anode in a typical DSC consists of a light-absorbing dye molecule attached to the surface of electrically connected nc-TiO2 particles
We have reviewed various laser-based processing techniques, such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), LIFT, and laser surface modification, for the fabrication of energy storage and power generation devices
Summary
Recent advances in semiconductor processing techniques have enabled microelectronic and microelectromechanical devices to significantly decrease in size. In stand-by mode, they only consume a few mW of power, while in data collection mode, they consume less than 100 mW with several hundreds of mW required to transmit the data to a remote system In this example, a constant low power (< 100 mW) can be delivered by a lithium microbattery, a short burst of high power can be supplied by an ultracapacitor, and during long intervals in stand-by mode, power sources can be recharged by harvesting energy from the environment using a solar cell. Laser-based processes can be used for modifying the layers of active materials without damaging the substrate underneath, which is ideally suited for developing power sources on flexible plastic substrates.[6] Laser processing techniques can directly integrate the electrochemical component into the device package, reducing the size and weight of the entire system. We provide a brief review of the use of PLD techniques for thin-film microbatteries, the use of LIFT techniques for thickfilm microbatteries and solar cells, and the use of laser surface processing for modifying active materials
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