Abstract
Laser-induced graphitization (LIG) is a method of converting a carbon-rich precursor into a highly conductive graphite-like carbon by laser scribing. This method has shown great promise as a versatile and low-cost patterning technique. Here we show for the first time how an ink based on cellulose and lignin can be patterned using screen printing followed by laser graphitization. Screen printing is one of the most commonly used manufacturing techniques of printed electronics, making this approach compatible with existing processing of various devices. The use of forest-based materials opens the possibility of producing green and sustainable electronics. Pre-patterning of the ink enables carbon patterns without residual precursor between the patterns. We investigated the effect of the ink composition, laser parameters, and additives on the conductivity and structure of the resulting carbon and could achieve low sheet resistance of 3.8 Ω sq−1 and a high degree of graphitization. We demonstrated that the process is compatible with printed electronics and finally manufactured a humidity sensor which uses lignin as the sensing layer and graphitized lignin as the electrodes.
Highlights
Carbon, one of the most abundant elements, in the foundation of all life and an integral part in our society
In order to make Laser-induced graphitization (LIG) compatible with printed electronics, we developed a wood-based ink that can be pre-patterned by screen printing followed by laser graphitization
In order to understand what is happening to the material when using different inks and laser power we investigated the microand macrostructure of the obtained carbon using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Summary
One of the most abundant elements, in the foundation of all life and an integral part in our society. Even without applying the Reynolds and Hough rule, the crystallite size was larger and d-spacing smaller in this conductivity and sheet resistance of the lignographic carbon is in the same order or better than most reported graphene-based inks used for printed and flexible electronics[35]. The sheet resistance of such screen-printed spacing and a higher degree of graphitization compared to carbon can only be modulated by multiple prints, which is time the most of lignin and/or cellulose samples carbonized in furnace. We have demonstrated laser-induced graphitization on a screen printable forest-based ink obtaining record low values of sheet resistance and excellent conductivity. By using forest-based materials, lignography brings printed electronics one step closer to be a green and sustainable technology
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