Abstract
The development of time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), in particular,attempts to combine STM with ultrafast laser technology, is reviewed with emphasis onobserved physical quantities and spatiotemporal resolution. Ultrashort optical pulsetechnology has allowed us to observe transient phenomena in the femtosecondrange, which, however, has the drawback of a relatively low spatial resolutiondue to the electromagnetic wavelength used. In contrast, STM and its relatedtechniques, although the time resolution is limited by the circuit bandwidth (∼100 kHz), enable us to observe structures at the atomic level in real space. Our purpose hasbeen to combine these two techniques to achieve a new technology that satisfies therequirements for exploring the ultrafast transient dynamics of the local quantumfunctions in organized small structures, which will advance the pursuit of futurenanoscale scientific research in terms of the ultimate temporal and spatial resolutions.
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