Abstract

Es necesario reflexionar sobre la preocupación existente de por qué las mujeres prefieren carreras de tipo Sanitario, Ciencias Sociales o Jurídicas a las carreras STEM, acrónimo de Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Son varias las cuestiones que debemos plantearnos para entender cuáles son los motivos por los cuales las mujeres prefieren estas carreras a las carreras STEM, entre ellos, se encuentran la cuestión cultural; por otro lado, están los estereotipos establecidos desde el nacimiento, el papel que juega el entorno familiar en el apoyo que puedan encontrar, el que juegan los centros educativos. Resulta fundamental que desde los institutos los orientadores y el profesorado apoyen a las chicas a estudiar aquellas disciplinas; otra cuestión es la falta de referentes femeninos y la visibilidad que se le da a la mujer científica, así como su reconocimiento, incluso la discriminación laboral existente frente a los hombres, o la baja posibilidad de conciliación de la vida laboral y personal en el entorno industrial. Por tanto, es primordial motivar a las adolescentes al fomentar las vocaciones STEM y para ello es necesario establecer políticas encaminadas a impulsar dichas vocaciones, divulgar y dar a conocer mujeres científicas, matemáticas, ingenieras o arquitectas. It is necessary to reflect on the existing concern as to why women prefer careers in Health, Social Sciences or Law to STEM careers, an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. There are several questions that we must ask ourselves in order to understand the reasons why women prefer these careers to STEM careers, among them, the cultural question; on the other hand, there are the stereotypes established from birth, the role played by the family environment in the support they can find, the role played by educational centers. It is essential that from the institutes the guidance counselors and teachers support girls to study those disciplines; another issue is the lack of female references and the visibility given to women scientists, as well as their recognition, even the existing labor discrimination against men, or the low possibility of reconciling work and personal life in the industrial environment. Therefore, it is essential to motivate teenage girls by promoting STEM vocations and for this it is necessary to establish policies aimed at promoting such vocations, disseminating and making known women scientists, mathematicians, engineers or architects.

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