Abstract
The present study investigated the larvicidal and repellent activities of Cestrum nocturnum (leaves) different extracts against Rift Valley Fever vector, Culex antennatus. The obtained results showed that the petroleum ether extract was the most effective extract against Cx. antennatus larvae followed by chloroform, acetone, and ethanolic extracts. The LC50 values of petroleum ether extract recorded 179.4, 164.2, and 148.7 ppm against Cx. antennatus third larval instar after 24, 48, and 72 h., respectively. On the other hand, at 6.67, 3.33, and 1.67 mg/cm2, ethanolic extract induced a degree of repellency equal to 93.1, 90.1, and 60.2% within the 4h post-treatment, respectively. Generally, petroleum ether extract proved high efficacy as repellents. At 3.33mg/cm2 petroleum ether extract produced the highest protection (100.0%) during the entire testing period of 4h post-treatment. Moreover, the protection (93.3, 90.7 and 80.8%) obtained at 2.67, 1.67 and 0.833 mg/cm2, respectively, compared with 100.0% repellency for DEET at a dose1.8 mg/cm2. So, Ce. nocturnum tested extracts can be considered as new promising controlling agents against the mosquito vector, Cx. antennatus.
Highlights
The control of mosquitoes is an important public health concern around the world.In Egypt, Culex antennatus has a wide distribution and it is the main vector of the Rift Valley fever virus (Meagan et al, 1980; Darwish and Hoogastrall, 1981)
As shown in table (5), the petroleum The LC50 values of petroleum ether extract ether extract was the most effective extract recorded 179.4, 164.2, and 148.7 ppm against against Cx. antennatus larvae followed by Cx. antennatus third larval instar after 24, 48, chloroform, acetone, and ethanolic extracts. and 72 h., respectively
The findings of the present study species of Cucurbitacious plants, Momordica revealed that the toxicity of Cestrum charantia, Trichosanthes anguina, Luffa nocturnum tested extracts against 3rd instar acutangula, Benincasa cerifera and Citrullus larvae of Culex antennatus was varied vulgaris against the late third larval age of according to the solvent used in the extraction Cx. quinquefasciatus, where the LC50 values and concentration of the extract
Summary
The control of mosquitoes is an important public health concern around the world. In Egypt, Culex antennatus has a wide distribution and it is the main vector of the Rift Valley fever virus (Meagan et al, 1980; Darwish and Hoogastrall, 1981). Indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are employed (Lees et al, 2014; Benelli, 2015) These chemicals have negative effects on human health and the environment, as well as induce resistance in a number of mosquito species (Hemingway and Ranson, 2000). Plants are a rich source of bioactive organic chemicals and synthesize a number of secondary metabolites to serve as defense chemicals against attack These chemicals may serve as Larvicidal Activity of Tested Plant insecticides, antifeedants, oviposition Extracts: deterrents, repellents, growth inhibitors, In order to study the toxicity of the juvenile hormone mimics, moulting concerned plant extracts, the tested material hormones, as well as attractants (Murugan et of the ethanolic extracts was dissolved in al, 1996; Koul, 2005).
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