Abstract
Each year, the food supply chain produces more than 1.3 billion tons of food and agricultural waste, which poses serious environmental problems. The loss of the massive quantity of secondary and primary metabolites retrievable from this resource is a significant concern. What if there is a global solution that caters to the numerous problems arising due to the humongous volume of waste biomass generated in every part of the world? Insects, the tiny creatures that thrive in decaying organic matter, which can concentrate the nutrients present in dilute quantities in a variety of by-products, are an economically viable option. The bioconversion and nutritional upcycling of waste biomass with insects yield high-value products such as protein, lipids, chitin and frass. Insect-derived proteins can replace conventional protein sources in feed formulations. Notably, the ability of the black soldier fly (BSF) or Hermetia illucens to grow on diverse substrates such as agri-food industry side streams and other organic waste proves advantageous. However, the data on industrial-scale extraction, fractionation techniques and biorefinery schemes for screening the nutritional potential of BSF are scarce. This review attempts to break down every facet of insect processing and analyze the processing methods of BSF, and the functional properties of nutrients obtained thereof.
Highlights
The land, water and greenhouse gas emissions involved in meat production are becoming unsustainable, and the demand for meat products is expected to reach a whopping 455 million tons by 2050, which is a 76% increase from the meat consumption recorded in 2005/2007 [1]
A simple dry fractionation scheme is represented (Figure 5C), where the black soldier fly matrix larvae (BSFL) along with frass is fed to the feed hopper which gradually places the mixture in a vibratory screen separator to eliminate frass and debris from the larvae
Larvae reared on eleven different diets composed of mussels, bread, fish and food waste were compared to identify the variation in the fatty acid profile of BSFL oil obtained [42]
Summary
The land, water and greenhouse gas emissions involved in meat production are becoming unsustainable, and the demand for meat products is expected to reach a whopping 455 million tons by 2050, which is a 76% increase from the meat consumption recorded in 2005/2007 [1]. Edible feed as a whole or parts of them They are considered a promising alternative solution to achieve insects provide significant advantages to nutrition, including amino insects acids, food safety, security and sustainability in human the much anticipated globalhigh foodprotein, crisis. Among the array of insects that can be provide significant advantages to human nutrition, including high protein, amino acids, lipids, energy domesticated and mass-reared for said applications, an insect with ample favorable properties is the and various other micronutrients [4,5]. It involves of BSF for the obtention of proteins, lipids, chitin derivatives, bioactive peptides, organic manure, several unit operations, extraction and separation mechanisms, fractionation techniques and other micro, macro-nutrients is an intricate task It involves several unit operations, extractionand and biorefining schemes for the exhaustive utilization of biorefining. The rationale behind this review is to characterize the vital components involved in insect-based biorefinery for the upcycling of nutrients to establish a sustainable circular economy
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