Abstract
ABSTRACT Ferroelectric materials used in high power applications are subject to electric fields ∼ 2 MV/m and compressive stress preloads ∼50 MPa. In 3-1 composites, the ferroelectric materials are driven in tension, which has necessitated development of large field characterization techniques for bulk ceramics, single crystals, and multilayer actuators. This paper describes techniques for compressive loading with electric field and temperature (C-E-T), for tension/compression loading using four point bending with electric field (4PB-E), and for two types of fracture testing with electric field using four point bending: the single edged v-notch beam (SEVNB-E) and the surface crack in flexure (SCF-E).
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