Abstract
Slag entrapment is a critical problem that affects the quality of steel. In this work, a three-dimensional model is established to simulate the slag entrapment phenomenon, mainly focusing on the slag entrapment phenomenon at the interface between slag and steel in molds with different widths. The large eddy simulation (LES) model and discrete particle model (DPM) are used to simulate the movements of bubbles. The interactions between phases involve two-way coupling. The accuracy of our mathematical model is validated by comparing slag–metal interface fluctuations with practical measurements. The results reveal that the average interface velocity and transverse velocity decrease as the mold width increases, however, they cannot represent the severity of slag entrapment at the interface between slag and steel. Due to the influence of bubble motion behavior, the maximum interface velocity increases with mold width and causes slag entrapment readily, which can reflect the severity of slag entrapment. On this basis, by monitoring the change of impact depths in different molds, a new dimensionless number “C” is found to reveal the severity of slag entrapment at the interface between slag and steel. The results show that the criterion number C increases with mold width, which is consistent with the results of flaw detection. Therefore, criterion number C can be used to reflect the severity of slag entrapment in different molds.
Highlights
The mold is an important part of steel metallurgy and can be called the “heart” of a continuous casting machine
The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified through interface-level detections obtained from an eddy current sensor
Thethe floatation of bubbles bubbles lift the molten steel that is injected from submerged entry nozzle can alsocan liftalso the molten steel that is injected from submerged entry nozzle (SEN).(SEN)
Summary
The mold is an important part of steel metallurgy and can be called the “heart” of a continuous casting machine. During this process, the effect of powder added into the mold can be summarized by three aspects: (1) preventing oxidation of molten steel; (2) absorbing non-metallic inclusions; (3) filling the gap between the mold and the slab surface to improve heat transfer and lubricating the mold surface. Visual models have been developed to reproduce the slag entrapment at the interface between slag and steel. Among these studies, Gguta et al [1]
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