Abstract

A nonlinear formulation of the 9-node shell element is given for large deformation and post-buckling analysis of shells. The formulation is based on updated Lagrangian description and finite deformation constitutive equations. The post-buckling analysis is conducted via either the modified or full Newton-Raphson procedure with a constant-displacement-length method when the limit load of the structure is reached. Several numerical examples are included to demonstrate the post-buckling analysis procedure.

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