Abstract
.Significance: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can support intraoperative perfusion assessment, the identification of tissue structures, and the detection of cancerous lesions. The practical use of HSI for minimal-invasive surgery is currently limited, for example, due to long acquisition times, missing video, or large set-ups.Aim: An HSI laparoscope is described and evaluated to address the requirements for clinical use and high-resolution spectral imaging.Approach: Reflectance measurements with reference objects and resected human tissue from 500 to 1000 nm are performed to show the consistency with an approved medical HSI device for open surgery. Varying object distances are investigated, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is determined for different light sources.Results: The handheld design enables real-time processing and visualization of HSI data during acquisition within 4.6 s. A color video is provided simultaneously and can be augmented with spectral information from push-broom imaging. The reflectance data from the HSI system for open surgery at 50 cm and the HSI laparoscope are consistent for object distances up to 10 cm. A standard rigid laparoscope in combination with a customized LED light source resulted in a mean SNR of 30 to 43 dB (500 to 950 nm).Conclusions: Compact and rapid HSI with a high spatial- and spectral-resolution is feasible in clinical practice. Our work may support future studies on minimally invasive HSI to reduce intra- and postoperative complications.
Highlights
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been used in many fields of biomedical research and clinical applications in recent years.[1]
This paper aims to describe an HSI laparoscope with high practicability for clinical use and to evaluate it with different light sources
The spatial intensity decrease of the light sources was evaluated during the same measurement from the illumination spot center to the border of the image
Summary
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been used in many fields of biomedical research and clinical applications in recent years.[1]. Supporting the estimation of tissue perfusion or detection of risk structures with spectral imaging would be important in laparoscopic procedures where surgeons are limited to their visual impression. Two systems are capable of investigating both the visible and near-infrared range, but are limited by long acquisition times and without color video during spectral imaging or low spectral resolution.[13,14] Simultaneous hyperspectral data and color video acquisition in the visible range were achieved with pushbroom and manual line-scanning flexible endoscopes.[15,16] Most systems are using spectral scanning methods like acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF), liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF), filter wheels, or light sources with monochromators. Spectral scanning typically results in high spatial resolution but longer acquisition times per spectral channel and misalignments due to motion. Described endoscopic pushbroom systems have the disadvantage of having to move the sample or the endoscope itself.[14,16]
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