Abstract
After the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatoa, December 22, 2018, which was accompanied by a large landslide into the waters of the Sunda Strait, resulting a tsunami that hit South Coast of Lampung and West of Banten. According [1], 437 peoples were death, 31,942 peoples were injured and 10 peoples were lost due to this disaster. The tsunami impact toward human lives was calculated by using the human instability equation [3] and TUNAMI Two Layer model was applied to simulate the landslide and propagation of tsunami [2]. The simulation results were validated with observations and field measurements data [1]. The result of simulation showed that flow depth of the tsunami reached 0.29-5.83 m with the tsunami velocity about 0.23-7.49 m/s along the shore of Pandeglang Regency. Using Aida Equation for validate simulation results, has K = 0.96733. The results of calculations using the human instability equation show that the value of hazard risk (HR) > 1 because all critical velocity values lower than velocity of simulation. So, it was mean that tsunami waves occurred in Banten especially Pandeglang Regency has high risk impact for the balance of the human body and this condition related with the observation condition that show many victims included people died and injured in this area.
Highlights
According to geographic condition, Indonesia located among of three main tectonic plate as known as IndoAustralian, Eurasian, and Pacific
The value of k does not meet Japan Society of Civil Engineering (JSCE) standard because boundary equation used in TUNAMI TwoLayer not include parameter of building effect, even though it has effect in flow of tsunami wave in the field
Based on simulation results of tsunami wave height at three locations, it can be concluded that tsunami waves are dominated by height above 2 m with highest tsunami waves in the coastline area reaching 4-6 m
Summary
Indonesia located among of three main tectonic plate as known as IndoAustralian, Eurasian, and Pacific. This was made Indonesia often experiences natural disaster such as earthquake and eruption of volcanic. History records major volcanic natural disasters have hit Indonesia, one of which was devastating eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau on August 27, 1883. This eruption was referred to largest, deadliest, and destructive volcanic eruption in history that caused large tsunami waves hit almost all the South Coast of Sumatra and West Coast of Java with wave height up to 30 m [5]
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