Landscaping as an object of administrative and legal protection in the Russian Empire in the XVIII century

Abstract

The object of the study is the improvement of urban space in the prism of its administrative and legal protection by the state. The subject of the study is the changes in the content of the term "landscaping" during the eighteenth century. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the jurisdiction of the supervisory function for offenses in the field of landscaping, as well as the varieties of these violations themselves. The analysis of normative legal acts issued by the Russian rulers makes it possible to determine which elements of public life they included in the concept of landscaping, which persons were responsible for the execution and control of compliance with established requirements. Approaches to the organization of landscaping in the capital and provincial cities of the Russian Empire are being studied. The author examines the continuity in the organization of urban planning and landscaping activities during the XVIII century. Both general scientific and special scientific research methods were used in the preparation of the work. Among the general scientific methods, analysis and synthesis were most widely used. Among the special scientific methods, the historical and legal method is of key importance, since the subject of the study involves the study of historical documents published in the Russian Empire in the XVIII century. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions that it was in the XVIII century that the origin and formation of landscaping as an object of administrative and legal protection took place. Started as a struggle with the population who did not want to accept the new realities of urban life, landscaping activities were gradually transformed into an obligatory element of the implementation of state government on an equal footing with the administration of justice and tax collection. The novelty of the research lies in looking at the history of the development of the Russian state in the XVIII century through the prism of urban amenities. With the modernization of Russian society, the cities in which this community lived changed at the same time. A sharp increase in the population led to the emergence of new and aggravation of existing problems. Epidemics and fires in densely populated cities had much more devastating consequences, therefore, in order to prevent them, it was necessary to bring urban amenities to a new level.