Abstract
Due to ecological environmental fragility and soil erosion in Guangxi, studies of landscape patterns and associated ecological risks are needed to guide sustainable land development and ecologically sensitive land management. This study assesses dynamic spatial and temporal change patterns in land use and ecological risks based on 30 m land-use data, analyzes spatial correlations with ecological risks, and explores natural and socio-economic factor impacts on ecological risks. The results reveal: (1) A rapid and sizeable construction land increase in Guangxi from 2000 to 2018 associated mainly with loss of woodland and grassland. (2) Guangxi had the highest number of arable land patches from 2000 to 2018, and the distribution tended to be fragmented; moreover, the construction land gradually expanded outward from concentrated areas to form larger aggregates with increasing internal stability each year. (3) Guangxi ecological risk levels were low, low–medium, and medium, with significantly different spatial distributions observed for areas possessing different ecological risk levels. Regional ecological risk gradually decreased from the middle Guangxi regions to the surrounding areas and was positively correlated with spatial distribution. (4) Socio-economic factor impacts on ecological risk exceeded natural factor impacts. These results provide guidance toward achieving ecologically sensitive regional land-use management and ecological risk reduction and control, it can also provide a reference for ecological risk research in other similar regions in the world.
Highlights
Ecological risk assessment methods based on landscape patterns tend to identify and directly assess ecological risks quantitatively from the perspective of spatial landscape patterns caused by land-use changes
Land use is viewed as a comprehensive reflection of direct impacts of human economic and social activities on surface resources and the natural environment [24], whereby spatio-temporal heterogeneity of land use is influenced by regional topographic and geomorphic features that are closely tied to spatio-temporal changes in landscape patterns and landscape ecological risks [25]
Forecasting, annual average temperature of Guangxito increased by 0.5 ◦ C and of Guangxi has beenthe dynamically changing
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Ecological risk assessment methods based on landscape patterns tend to identify and directly assess ecological risks quantitatively from the perspective of spatial landscape patterns caused by land-use changes. Land use is viewed as a comprehensive reflection of direct impacts of human economic and social activities on surface resources and the natural environment [24], whereby spatio-temporal heterogeneity of land use is influenced by regional topographic and geomorphic features that are closely tied to spatio-temporal changes in landscape patterns and landscape ecological risks [25]. It is important that ecological risk assessments are conducted in Guangxi in order to guide efforts toward establishing a systematic and effective ecological environment monitoring and early warning system. This study constructs an ecological risk assessment model according to both the land-use changes toward the goal of comprehensively describing the overall spatial patlandscape disturbance index and landscape fragility index, while taking into account tern characteristics of ecological risk in Guangxi. Ecological risk factor and results of ecological risk autocorrelation analysis are taken into account
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