Landscape ecology, land-use structure, and population density: Case study of the Columbus Metropolitan Area

Abstract

Traditional population density models based on the distance to the major Central Business District (monocentric) or on distances to multiple employment centers (polycentric) are extended to include land-use structure variables derived from landscape ecology theory. A comprehensive database is developed for the Columbus Metropolitan Area (CMA) at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level, using remotely sensed land-use data, Census socio-economic data, and other local data. Fifteen landscape indices, organized into four groups – size, complexity, diversity, neighborhood – are computed for each of the 1763 CMA TAZs, using Fragstats. Models are estimated for each of the 7 CMA counties separately, yielding homogeneous and consistent results. These county models are then pooled into a comprehensive CMA model, with dummy variables and second-order terms. Overall, the results provide evidence of a polycentric structure, with both downtown Columbus and county CBDs acting as strong population attractors, and of the importance of land-use structure in the determination of population density. Spatial indices representing neighborhood and diversity factors significantly impact population density in most counties.