Abstract
Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a globally significant pest of Brassicaceae crops that has attracted enormous research investment. It is typical of many agricultural pests, with insecticides remaining the most common method of control, despite frequent cases of resistance in pest populations and the potential for other management options such as natural enemies to provide suppression. Here we review scope to make better use of neglected natural enemy taxa and integrate recent work on landscape ecology to identify opportunities for more effective pest suppression. Our main findings are as follows: (1) relatively neglected taxa of natural enemies, especially predators and entomopathogens, are now attracting growing levels of research interest, although parasitoids remain most frequently used and researched; (2) knowledge of the spatio-temporal dynamics of populations at the landscape scale have advanced rapidly in the last decade; (3) ecological insights open new possibilities for exploiting spatial heterogeneity at scales larger than individual fields and even farms that influence pests and their natural enemies; (4) there is evidence for landscapes that selectively favor particular guilds and this knowledge could be developed to favor targeted natural enemies over pests in focal crops; and (5) landscape-scale effects can even over-ride field-scale management practices. The significance of these advances is that future management of diamondback moth and similar pests will benefit from a move away from reliance on the use of particular species of biological control agents, especially exotic parasitoids, and strategies that depend on use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Together with this move, we call for greater use of area-wide management that exploits the potential of landscapes to promote diverse assemblages of natural enemy species.
Highlights
Biological control of pests has been actively pursued for over a century and the last decade has seen an acceleration of research efforts to better understand the biology and ecology of natural enemies, insecticides remain the mainstay of pest management in many crop systems (Adamson et al 2014)
Despite diamondback moth being the subject of intense research efforts over multiple decades, it remains a major cause of crop loss and driver of production costs
Most biological control studies have focused on specific potential agents, parasitoids
Summary
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most destructive insect pest of Brassica spp. crops worldwide (Furlong et al 2013; Li et al 2016a) and is estimated to cost the world economy US$4–5 billion a year (Zalucki et al 2012). Critical reviews of this large volume of literature are, important to synthesize emerging knowledge of diamondback moth and integrate this with advances in related fields Landmark reviews of this pest were published by Talekar and Shelton (1993) and Furlong et al (2013), with reviews on biological control agents (Sarfraz et al 2007), conservation biological control (Liu et al 2014), multitrophic interactions (Verkerk and Wright 1996), and the ecology and management in the USA (Philips et al 2014) and China (Li et al 2016a) following suit. We assess the potential for exploiting advances in knowledge of spatial ecology to provide better biological control of this pest
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have