Abstract
Land use Land cover (LULCC) were analyzed for wombera district along agro-ecological gradients (lower, middle & higher) using a Satellite image of Landsat Mass, Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, and Landsat OLI/TIRS of 1973, 1986, 2000 and 2016 respectively. After reconnaissance survey and field observations 402 individuals were selected. They were categorized into 6 groups of Key informants interview (KII) and 12 groups Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for structural and open ended questions. One hundred thirty two GPS data were collected using handheld GPS Garmin Global Positioning System for confirmations of accuracy assessment. Five direct and seven indirect driving forces of LULCC were identified for each corresponding agro-ecology gradients for each year. ERDAS version 15, excel, and ArcGIS 10.3.1 used for satellite image calibration and analysis. Maps of Forest, woodland, scrubland, grassland, farmland, water body, and settlement were created. The finding reveals that croplands, settlements, and grasslands are increasing. However, woodland and forest are decreasing from 1973 and 2016. Among the indirect driving forces, Socio-cultural practice and demographics imposed a higher impact in 1970; conversely, institutional setup and technological advancements contribute the highest effect in 2000 &2016. Among the direct or proximate causes, farming activity and fire contribute the highest impact in 1970 in the lower and middle altitude. Farming activities and logging had the highest impact on the higher altitudes during 1970s.
Highlights
Land use and Land cover is described as the distribution of vegetation, water, desert, ice and the immediate subsurface, including biota, soil, topography, surface, and groundwater [1]
The aim of this study was to analyze LULCC along an altitudinal gradient relating to driving force in wombera district during periods of 1973, 1986, 2000, and 2016
Characteristics of LULCC Seven major LULCC types: Woodland, Forest, scrubland, grassland, Cropland or farmland, settlement, and water bodies were created by using the field data and satellite images of Landsat MSS 1973, Landsat TM 1985, Landsat ETM+ 2000, and Landsat OLI/TIRS 2016 (Figure 3 A-D)
Summary
Land use and Land cover is described as the distribution of vegetation, water, desert, ice and the immediate subsurface, including biota, soil, topography, surface, and groundwater [1]. It includes those structures created solely by human activities such as mine exposures and settlement [2]. Land use and land cover (LULCC) is not homogeneous across all parts of the world [4]. Some Land-use and land-cover changes are local and place specific [7]. Human land-use activities spread over 50% of the ice-free land surface starting, from the control over fire and domestication of animals and plants [8]. The lands change from a primary forested land to a farming type, the loss of forest species within deforested areas is immediate and huge [9]
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