Land use effects on phylogenetic and functional diversity of birds: Significance of urban green spaces

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Although research has been done in order to understand the impact of urban development on avian diversity, it mainly focused on taxonomic diversity. Here we aimed to assess biodiversity targeting beyond species richness since this has the potential to inform the conservation of healthy functioning ecosystem. We explored how functional and phylogenetic diversity vary between a protected area and urban green spaces. We collected avian data at Lake Chivero Park and six green spaces in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. The avian point count method at 30 sites for each location (Harare and Lake Chivero Park) was conducted. Alpha diversity indices were compared between Harare and Lake Chivero Park using independent t-test. One-way analysis of variance was applied to test for variation in functional and phylogenetic beta-diversity metrics together with the respective standardized effect size. Urban green spaces had higher species richness, abundance, phylogenetic and functional diversity than Lake Chivero Park. Beta diversity between the two sites was much higher than within sites diversity. The two sites did not differ in terms of beta diversity. Our study shows that urban development that incorporates green spaces maybe critical in the conservation of functional and phylogenetic diversity of avifauna. We suggest that urban landscapes be considered in national and regional conservation plans since they can act as conduits between protected areas, especially for avifauna.