Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection for Water Yield Estimation using Remote Sensing Data in Batu Pahat, Johor

Abstract

Globally, the accelerating urbanization led by industrialization and population growth causes severe environmental degradation. The urban expansion particularly to the conversion of land activities affects the ecosystem services critically. This study helps to fill in the gap of determining water yield in the urban area to reduce water stress due to the spatial land use change. The research objectives are to quantify the spatial land use change in Batu Pahat, Johor in the year 1999, 2010, and 2018. Second, to identify the water yield of Batu Pahat in the years 1999, 2010, and 2018. Third, to determine the relationship between water yield, vegetation, and urban expansion. The methods used are landscape change, water yield simulation, and statistical analysis by using the software included ENVI, ArcGIS, FRAGSTAT, Annual Water Yield InVEST Model, and Microsoft Excel. Raw satellite images were extracted for the year 1999, 2010, and 2018. The supervised classification of LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) was done based on the region created which are built-up area, cleared land, vegetation, and water bodies. This study generates results for the changes in percentage area for each LULC class. The highest percentage of area in Batu Pahat is vegetation while the cleared land ranked lowest. In conclusion, this study will aid in understanding and provided empirical data result for the urban expansion and water yield in Batu Pahat, Johor by using GIS and remote sensing applications to produce land use and water yield map as final output.