Abstract
A semi-analytical correlation for laminar mixed convection in an isothermal, horizontal tube is developed and found to describe all the available heat transfer data (excluding that of Kern and Othmer) with an RMS deviation of 11.7% based upon log-mean Nusselt number, 11.0% based on arithmetic-mean Nusselt number and 9.8% based on fractional bulk-temperature rise. The fact that the correlation does not describe the bulk of the Kern and Othmer data is attributed to the correspondingly large Rayleigh numbers, for which further investigations will be required. Although derived for a large-Prandtl-number fluid, the correlation is found to equally well describe available buoyancy-dominated heat transfer in air.
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