Abstract
Experimental studies on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics for the laminar flow of ethylene glycol in a square duct fitted with twisted tapes of different twist ratios under nearly uniform wall temperature conditions are reported in this article. The Nusselt numbers were found to be 5.44–7.49 and 2.46–4.87 times that of plain square duct forced convection values based on constant flow rate and constant pumping power criteria, respectively, for y = 2.66. The augmented friction factor and Nusselt number for a square duct is about 1.9 and 2.10 times higher than that for an augmented circular tube.
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