Abstract
Previous studies have reported that probiotics may improve clinical and inflammatory parameters in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri V3401 has shown promising results on the components of MetS in animal studies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of L. reuteri V3401 together with healthy lifestyle recommendations on adult patients with MetS. Methods: We carried out a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-center trial in which we included 53 adult patients newly diagnosed with MetS. Patients were block randomly allocated by body mass index (BMI) and sex to receive a capsule containing either the probiotic L. reuteri V3401 (5 × 109 colony-forming units) or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric variables, biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiome composition were determined. Results: There were no differences between groups in the clinical characteristics of MetS. However, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) diminished by effect of the treatment with L. reuteri V3401. Analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiome revealed a rise in the proportion of Verrucomicrobia. Conclusions: Consumption of L. reuteri V3401 improved selected inflammatory parameters and modified the gastrointestinal microbiome. Further studies are needed to ascertain additional beneficial effects of other probiotic strains in MetS as well as the mechanisms by which such effects are exerted.
Highlights
Obesity is a chronic disease, affecting developed and developing countries, that has multiple comorbidities and deteriorates quality of life
The present study aimed to evaluate whether the consumption of the probiotic strain L. reuteri V3401, together with healthy lifestyle recommendations, was capable of improving metabolic syndrome (MetS) components
In the case of body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure, GOT, and LPS-binding protein (LBP), we found that the washout period
Summary
Obesity is a chronic disease, affecting developed and developing countries, that has multiple comorbidities and deteriorates quality of life It is characterized by an increase of fat mass, which can produce hypertrophy of the adipocytes, leading to an altered adipose tissue functionality. MetS is defined by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and increased abdominal circumference, and it is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (DM2), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of all-cause mortality [1], constituting a major public health challenge worldwide. In part, responsible of this low-grade inflammatory state through the increasing release of proinflammatory molecules, such as leptin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the inhibition of adiponectin secretion, an anti-inflammatory adipokine [2]
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