Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of two most potent probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on overall health and immune status of freshwater crayfish, marron under laboratory conditions. A total of 36 marron were distributed into six different tanks and two different feeding groups, control and probiotic-fed group. After acclimation, control group was fed with basal diet while probiotic group was fed 109 CFU/mL per kg of bacterial supplemented feed for 60 days. The results showed no significant differences in weight gain, however, probiotic feed significantly enhanced some hemolymph parameters and biochemical composition of tail muscle. Histology data revealed better hepatopancreas health and higher microvilli counts in the marron gut fed probiotic diet. The probiotic bacteria triggered significant shift of microbial communities at different taxa level, mostly those reported as beneficial for crayfish. The probiotic diet also enriched the metabolic functions and genes associated with innate immune response of crayfish. Further correlation analysis revealed significant association of some taxa with increased activity for hemolymph and immune genes. Therefore, dietary Lactobacillus supplementation can modulate the overall health and immunity as well as gut microbial composition and interaction network between gut microbiota and immune system in crayfish.
Highlights
Aquaculture has become an important food sector for meeting the overall protein demand for growing population
Improving growth and immune performance with dietary incorporation of Lactobacillus acidophilus has been reported in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)[14,15], rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[16], common carp (Cyprinus carpio)[17], stripped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)[18] and black swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri)[19] as well as in crustaceans; white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)[20] and tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)[21]
Lactobacillus species are widely used for their beneficial role in health and immunity of crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus and C. cainii[29,41]
Summary
Aquaculture has become an important food sector for meeting the overall protein demand for growing population. L. plantarum has shown potential to be used as probiotic in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus)[23], common carp (C. carpio)[24,25], rainbow trout (O. mykiss)[26], silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)[27], African hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus Male × Clarias macrocephalus Female)[28], and in crustaceans including narrow clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)[29], white shrimp (L. vannamei)[30,31] and giant fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)[32]. Advancement in information technology, data analysis packages and repository system allows to correlate various data from several trials and make interpretation easier and comprehensive[34] This form of integrated data analysis packages can be used to explore the contributions of feed additives on growth performance, gut microbiota, innate immune response and disease resistance of crustaceans[35,36]. The aim of the present study was, to investigate the impacts of dietary L. acidophilus and L. plantarum on health status, hemolymph parameters, intestine morphology and microbiota and innate immune responses of marron
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