Abstract
The relationship between salt intake, blood pressure and RAAS activation is still controversial, being that both high- and low-salt intakes are associated with cardiovascular events in a J-shaped curve pattern. We hypothesized that different patterns of RAAS response to dietary salt intake among hypertensives could be identified, while vascular damage would be related to high-salt intake plus absence of expected RAAS inhibition. We aim to assess the relationship between sodium intake, RAAS and vascular stiffness in hypertension. We screened 681 hypertensive patients for urinary/plasma electrolytes, renin, aldosterone and pulse wave velocity (PWV) under their usual salt intake level. After applying exclusion criteria, an inverse relation between urinary sodium and RAAS was observed in the 300 remaining subjects. Additionally, four types of response were identified: 1) Low (L) sodium (S)-Low RAAS, 2) LS-High (H) SRAAS, 3) HS-Low RAAS, 4) HS-High RAAS. We found no differences in age/BP among groups, but type 4 response individuals included more females and a higher pulse wave velocity. We showed a) an inverse salt-RAAS relation, b) an association between HS plus high RAAS with increased PWV that could identify a higher-risk hypertensive condition.
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