Abstract
BackgroundGenetically modified, (GM) crops with potential allergens must be evaluated for safety and endogenous IgE binding pattern compared to native variety, prior to market release.ObjectiveTo compare endogenous IgE binding proteins of three GM maize seeds containing Cry 1Ab,1Ac,1C transgenic proteins with non GM maize.MethodsAn integrated approach of in silico & in vitro methods was employed. Cry proteins were tested for presence of allergen sequence by FASTA in allergen databases. Biochemical assays for maize extracts were performed. Specific IgE (sIgE) and Immunoblot using food sensitized patients sera (n = 39) to non GM and GM maize antigens was performed.ResultsIn silico approaches, confirmed for non sequence similarity of stated transgenic proteins in allergen databases. An insignificant (p> 0.05) variation in protein content between GM and non GM maize was observed. Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) revealed reduced number of stable protein fractions in GM then non GM maize which might be due to shift of constituent protein expression. Specific IgE values from patients showed insignificant difference in non GM and GM maize extracts. Five maize sensitized cases, recognized same 7 protein fractions of 88-28 kD as IgE bindng in both GM and non-GM maize, signifying absence of variation. Four of the reported IgE binding proteins were also found to be stable by SGF.ConclusionCry proteins did not indicate any significant similarity of >35% in allergen databases. Immunoassays also did not identify appreciable differences in endogenous IgE binding in GM and non GM maize.
Highlights
Agricultural biotechnology has been used to engineer a variety of agronomically important crops, such as corn, soybean, potato, rice, maize, cotton and others
Modified, (GM) crops with potential allergens must be evaluated for safety and endogenous IgE binding pattern compared to native variety, prior to market release
Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) revealed reduced number of stable protein fractions in Genetically modified (GM) non GM maize which might be due to shift of constituent protein expression
Summary
Agricultural biotechnology has been used to engineer a variety of agronomically important crops, such as corn, soybean, potato, rice, maize, cotton and others. Biotech crops with Bt genes alone are reported to occupy 15% of the global biotech area, compared with 26% of stacked traits in major biotech maize producer countries as Brazil, USA, Argentina and Canada [4]. Bt has been shown to produce crystal proteins known as Cry proteins or inclusion bodies that are effective in controlling certain orders and species of insect pests. Bt crystal proteins have been generally classified based on their insecticidal activity as Cry, Cry, Cry and Cry. Bt crystal proteins have been generally classified based on their insecticidal activity as Cry, Cry, Cry and Cry4 These proteins are reported to be toxic to lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran pests [2]. Modified, (GM) crops with potential allergens must be evaluated for safety and endogenous IgE binding pattern compared to native variety, prior to market release
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