Abstract
This paper, reports on the novel and green synthesis procedure for sulfonamides that involved the immobilization of Trametes Versicolor laccase onto the Fe3O4–graphene nanocomposite via glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking (Lac/Fe3O4/GO). Various parameters, mainly, activation time, GA, and laccase concentration were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the optimal contact time was 4 h, GA concentration was 5% while laccase concentration was 5 mg·mL−1, at which a high enzyme activity recovery was achieved (86%). In terms of the stability of immobilized laccase to temperature and storage conditions, the performance of the nanobiocatalyst was found to significantly exceed that of free laccase. The results have indicated that nearly 70% of relative activity for immobilized laccase remained after the incubation period of 2 h at 55 °C, but only 48% of free laccase remained within the same time period. Moreover, the immobilized laccase retained 88% of its initial activity after storage for 20 days. In case of the free laccase, the activity retained within the same time period was 32%. In addition, the nanobiocatalyst possessed better recycling performance as evidenced from the observation that after eight cycles of repeated use, it retained 85% of its original activity.
Highlights
Sulfonamide refers to a chemical compound comprised of a sulfonyl group directly bonded to an amine group
Sulfonamides are used as growth promoters in addition to their use as prophylaxis and as antibiotics [3].The mechanism or mode of action of sulfonamide antibiotics involves the inhibition of the production of dihydrofolic acid in the pathogenic bacteria, which is vital for the production of microbial proteins, and interferes with the whole protein synthesis within the microbe leading to the death of microbial cells [1]
The increase in the concentration of GA caused a decline in the activity of the groups had been reached at the surface of the magnetic nanocomposite because it is directly linked immobilized enzyme
Summary
Sulfonamide refers to a chemical compound comprised of a sulfonyl group directly bonded to an amine group. Sulfa drugs are mostly prepared and produced commercially through a number of synthetic procedures with the most commonly used one employing the reactions of sulfonyl chloride with ammonia or an amine [4,5,6,7,8] These approaches are known to suffer from a number of limitations including the fact that most of these approaches require the presence of transition metals as catalysts, making them more expensive. Researchers are working to come up with green and sustainable organic synthesis methods that are safe, cheap, and environmentally friendly Among such approaches are the enzyme-catalyzed reactions that have of late gained much recognition due to the fact that the reactions involve require only mild conditions to yield high efficiency.
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