Labour Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Potential Opportunities or Challenges to Vietnam?

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In this research, we discuss the impacts of labour provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) to which Vietnam is a party in aspects of politics, institutions, law and economy. We find that the impacts are a mixture of both positives and negatives. Positive effects include a more and more developed and well-established domestic labour legal framework, stronger domestic political commitment to labour reforms, more stabilized political environment, higher level of labour protection, higher wages, better working conditions and better life, higher productivity and competitiveness of goods and services and more foreign direct investment. Negative effects include potential political risks of state sovereignty weakening, reduction in competitiveness because of rising labour costs and undermined trade and economic growth resulting from trade-based sanctions in labour disputes. Both positive effects and negative effects exist as possibilities and whether they are materialized and which of them outweighs depend on reactions taken by Vietnam. Proposals for Vietnam to benefit from labour commitments include improving the domestic labour law system and efficiency of state administration and enforcement of domestic labour law, changing the economy from factor-based to efficiency-based status, making relevant institutional reforms, introducing the trade-related labour topic into the academic setting, performing studies on the impacts of labour provisions in PTAs, set up strategies and tactics in PTAs’ labour negotiations, joining forces with other trade partners of the same interest, effective exploitation of cooperation mechanisms in PTAs and proposing S&D treatment for developing countries.