Abstract
This work reports on the preparation of a drying process from the ethanolic extract of Muirapuama and its characterization through green analytical techniques. The spray-drying processes were performed by using ethanolic extract in a ratio of 1:1 extract/excipient and 32 factorial design. The properties of dried powder were investigated in terms of total flavonoid content, moisture content, powder yield, and particle size distribution. An analytical eco-scale was applied to assess the greenness of the developed protocol. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)with reduced solvent consumption in the analysis was compared to the conventional HPLC method. A Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic method was applied based on the principal component scores for the prediction of extract/excipient mixtures and partial least squares regression model for quantitative analysis. NIR spectroscopy is an economic, powerful, and fast methodology for the detection of excipient in muirapuama dried extracts, generating no residue in the analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed samples with a higher concentration of excipient, presenting better morphological characteristics and a lower moisture absorption rate. An eco-scale score value of 85 was achieved for UHPLC and 100 was achieved for NIR (excellent green analysis). Above all, these methods are rapid and green for the routine analysis of herbal medicines based on dried extracts.
Highlights
Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth is a typical plant from the Amazon rainforest that is used as a tonic among local communities to treat “nerve weaknesses”
The spray-drying process of the extractive solutions was performed in three steps as described: In the first stage, only the ethanolic extracts of P. olacoides (EEPO) was used (Extract ESB); in the second step, colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil® ) excipient was added to the EEPO in a 1:1 ratio (Extract ESA);and in the third stage, a 23 factorial design was applied
The calculation of the percentage of Aerosil® used considered that every 300 mL EEPO was 1.51 g of extractives; the added amounts of Aerosil® were 0.45 g for samples at 30%, 0.30 g for samples at 20%, and 0.15 g for samples at 10%
Summary
Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth is a typical plant from the Amazon rainforest that is used as a tonic among local communities to treat “nerve weaknesses”. It is popularly known as muirapuama, Molecules 2020, 25, 1095; doi:10.3390/molecules25051095 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules. Several muirapuama-based products are found in the market in different formulations such as powders, capsules, tinctures, and extracts mixture. For these formulations, different forms of plant preparation are used [1]. The powder state ensures greater concentration, stability, and ease of standardization of the active principles present in plants, ease of transport, lower risks of microbial contamination, and less space required for product storage, representing advantages that increase the added value of the product [3]
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