Abstract
An experimental investigation of flexural-gravity waves was performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin HSVA ice tank. Physical characteristics of the water-ice system were measured in several locations of the tank with a few sensors deployed in the water and on the ice during the tests. The three-dimensional motion of ice was measured with the optical system Qualisys; water pressure was measured by several pressure sensors mounted on the tank wall, in-plane deformations of the ice and the temperatures of the ice and water were measured by fiber optic sensors; and acoustic emissions were recorded with compressional crystal sensors. The experimental setup and selected results of the tests are discussed in this paper. Viscous-elastic model (Burgers material) is adopted to describe the dispersion and attenuation of waves propagating below the ice. The elastic modulus and the coefficient of viscosity are calculated using the experimental data. The results of the measurements demonstrated the dependence of wave characteristics from the variability of ice properties during the experiment caused by the brine drainage. We showed that the cyclic motion of the ice along the tank, imitating ice drift, and the generation of under ice turbulence cause an increase of wave damping. Recorded acoustic emissions demonstrated cyclic microcracking occurring with wave frequencies and accompanying bending deformations of the ice. This explains the viscous and anelastic rheology of the model ice.
Highlights
The propagation of surface waves in the regions covered by sea ice in the Arctic and action of the waves on sea ice are widely discussed in scientific literature [1]
We present the experimental setup and results of tests performed in January 2018 in the Large Ice Model Basin (LIMB) of HSVA with more details in comparison with [69]
The local dispersion of surface waves propagating below solid ice in HSVA ice tank is described well by the model of flexural-gravity waves in ideal fluid beneath a thin elastic plate
Summary
The propagation of surface waves in the regions covered by sea ice in the Arctic and action of the waves on sea ice are widely discussed in scientific literature [1]. The shrinking of sea ice influences an increase of fetch length for wave generation in the Arctic ocean. On the way from open water to ocean regions covered by solid ice, waves pass a marginal ice zone (MIZ) consisting of broken ice. MIZ acts on waves as a low pass filter with characteristics depending on floe sizes and ice concentration on the water surface [2]. The structure of the MIZ is influenced by other factors including wind, surface currents, and sea surface tilt. Waves influence the characteristics of the MIZ over large areas in a relatively short time [3]
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