Abstract
ABSTRACT Tracheal Wash (TW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are not well documented in adult cattle and published studies were undertaken on diseased animals aiming at isolating the causative agent of respiratory diseases. This study was undertaken to establish the normal cytological and microbiological findings of TW and BAL in normal adult cattle and compare between the laboratory analysis findings of both techniques. Eighteen healthy adult cattle were divided into two groups. BAL was completed the first group (n = 10) and TW was completed the second group (n = 8). Normal cytological findings of TW in healthy adult cattle were found to be primarily neutrophils (42.7 ± 35.7)% intermixed with lower numbers of columnar epithelial cells (26.2 ± 34.8)%, alveolar macrophages (14.7 ± 15.4)%, squamous epithelial cells (10 ± 28.6)%, lymphocytes (6.8 ± 16.1)% and rarely seen eosinophils (0.1 ± 0.0)% with a total cell count of 457 ± 310.1 cells/µl. Cytological findings of BAL were found to be mainly alveolar macrophages (94.3 ± 3.9)%, intermixed with lower number of neutrophils (4.3 ± 3.9)% and lymphocytes (1.3 ± 1.2)% and rarely seen eosinophils (0 ± 0.1)% with a total cell count of 238 ± 169 cells/µl. There are remarkable differences in TW and BAL cytological findings and the degree of contamination was higher in TW samples than that seen in BAL lavage.
Highlights
Bovine respiratory disease complex is one of the most serious cattle diseases in the world because of the high economical loses that is associated with it in both beef (Moreno-Lopez 1990; Mahmoud and Allam 2013) and dairy cattle (Fathi et al 2013).Cattle are more susceptible to respiratory diseases among animals because of several anatomical and physiological factors (Veit and Farrell 1978)
The animals were grouped into two groups; group 1 consisted of 10 adult Cattle from 3 to 8 years old for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collection
The use of tracheal wash (TW) and BAL should be encouraged in cattle practice, providing valuable information about the lower respiratory tract (Beech 1975; Allen et al 1992; Caldow 2001)
Summary
Cattle are more susceptible to respiratory diseases among animals because of several anatomical and physiological factors (Veit and Farrell 1978). Identification of respiratory disease can be undertaken using the following diagnostic tools including clinical signs, auscultation and percussion, haematology, radiography, ultrasonography, laboratory analysis of tracheobronchial secretions including identification of the causative agent, which is collected using tracheal wash (TW), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedures (Radostits et al 2006) in addition to more invasive procedures such as thoracocentesis and lung biopsies. TW and BAL are used to collect respiratory secretions from the trachea, and lower bronchioles and in alveoli, respectively. Both procedures are widely used in horses and small animals. It is not routinely used in cattle
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