Laboratory diagnosis of immuno-mediated reactions of hypersensitivity to drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract

To date, there are no unified and standardized laboratory methods for diagnosis allergic reactions to anti-TB drugs.Objective — to optimize the methods of laboratory diagnostics of hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to find out their immunological mechanisms.Materials and methods. Clinical and immunological examination was carried out in 39 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which were divided into two groups: 1st — with the presence of clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity to anti-TB drugs; 2rd — without visible clinical sings of hypersensitivity. The tests were performed to detect intolerance to first-line anti-TB drugs in vitro: activation of basophiles, determination of serum tryptase, total (IgE) and specific (IgEsp ) immunoglobulin E levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).Results and discussion. Patients of the 1st group showed increase levels of tryptase, total IgE, specific IgEsp for rifampicin and ethambutol in the blood. Frequency of positive values of ESR for isoniazid was significantly higher in group 1. Correlation between ESR and number of activated basophils and its activated receptors, levels of tryptase and total IgE was observed.Conclusions. The most informative tests in vitro to determine the causative drug in TB patients with clinical manifestations of allergy are: the level of specific IgEsp for rifampicin and ethambutol; erythrocyte sedimentation reaction for isoniazid. The use of basophil activation test is limited in the diagnosis of immuno-mediated allergic reactions to first-line anti-TB drugs